结直肠癌与自然杀伤细胞的相关性探讨北大核心

目的:研究结直肠癌及其配对的癌旁组织的自然杀伤(nature killer,NK)细胞数量及分布情况。方法:结直肠癌及其配对的癌旁组织各40例,以SP免疫组化法检测NK细胞。结果:结直肠癌及其配对的癌旁组织中均未检测到NK细胞的浸润。结论:结直肠癌及其配对的癌旁组织中缺乏NK细胞浸润可能与肿瘤微环境、生理微环境、未知的NK细胞亚型相关,结直肠癌患者可能不适用NK细胞进行免疫治疗。     

When Artificial Intelligence Models Surpass Physician Performance: Medical Malpractice Liability in an Era of Advanced Artificial Intelligence

It seems inevitable that diagnostic and recommender artificial intelligence models will ultimately reach a point when they outperform human clinicians. Just as antibiotics displaced a host of medicinals for treating infections, the superior performance of such models will force their adoption. This article contemplates certain ethical and legal implications bearing on that adoption, especially because they involve a clinician’s exposure to allegations of malpractice. The article discusses four relevant considerations: (1) the imperative of using explainable artificial intelligence models in clinical care, (2) specific strategies for diminishing liability when a clinician agrees or disagrees with a model’s findings or recommendations but the patient nevertheless experiences a poor outcome, (3) relieving liability through legislation or regulation, and (4) comprehending such models as “persons” and therefore as potential defendants in legal proceedings. We conclude with observations on clinician–vendor relationships and argue that, although advanced artificial intelligence models have not yet arrived, clinicians must begin considering their implications now.     

中药老字号专有技术的法律特征及保护对策

目的：尝试建立法律保护体系对中药老字号企业专有技术的有效覆盖。方法：检索相关数据和研究相关文献,在厘清中药老字号专有技术的法律特征的基础上,分析中药老字号企业专有技术保护存在的问题。结果与结论：分析发现目前我国中药老字号专有技术保护存在以下问题：专利对老字号保护效用欠缺;技术秘密保护手段受挤压;商标保护形式未得到中药老字号的重视;行政保护作用受限。而解决中药老字号专有技术的保护问题,有必要从完善专利、技术秘密和行政保护制度和商标保护等几个维度实现。     

砂仁药材及其饮片的质量分析

目的：对国内市售砂仁质量进行评价分析,为药品监管和质量标准提高提供科学依据。方法：依据法定标准对样品进行全面检验;采用性状和DNA条形码相结合对样品进行真伪评价,以此结果进一步对正品和伪品的挥发油总量和乙酸龙脑酯含量进行相关性分析。结果：按照法定标准抽检的样品,不符合规定项目为性状、乙酸龙脑酯含量测定,以近缘物种冒充砂仁的情况较为突出。结论：国内市售砂仁质量有待提高,可通过质量标准提高,增加专属性较强且可量化评判的性状特征、DNA条形码鉴别等方法进行质量控制。     

Health-related quality of life among Mexican-origin Latinos: the role of immigration legal status

Objective: To assess the relationship between immigration legal status and related vulnerabilities and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Mexican-origin Latinos living in a U.S.-Mexico border region.

Methods: Data were obtained using multistage sampling from 393 Latino adults who took part in the 2009 San Diego Prevention Research Center community survey.

Results: Significant differences in HRQoL were found across immigration legal status subgroups. Vulnerabilities associated with HRQoL varied across immigration legal status subgroups, and only depression was associated with HRQoL regardless of immigration legal status.

Conclusion: Results from this study emphasize the need for policies and programs to facilitate access to preventive services, including mental health services, in order to maintain the health of at-risk Latino immigrants.     

浅谈仲景辛凉解表法

辛凉解表法虽首创于刘完素,完善于温病,但却溯源于仲景,仲景四方大青龙汤、越婢汤、麻杏石甘汤、白虎汤完整的体现了辛凉解表的思想。表热的根本在于卫气的阻滞,解表法最在意使卫气恢复流通,辛温、辛凉解表均不离辛者,以辛味发散或透达,邪气可随之出表,若单着眼于出汗者,已然失其本意。辛热开通气机,本不在发汗,汗液乃是随同郁热的开通一同从腠理而出,不同于西药单纯以发汗带出热量,而郁热并未解除。所以,纵使辛温解表,热如麻黄、桂枝也非为单纯发汗而设,乃取其辛散开通之意,汗液自蒸蒸而协同邪热一并而出。     

多指标评价米泔水漂苍术对湿盛困脾脾虚大鼠的药效作用

目的:研究樟帮特色米泔水漂苍术与其麸炒品、生品对湿盛困脾大鼠的疗效,并考察其燥性,以发掘特色饮片、提高饮片质量,为苍术的临床用药提供科学数据。方法:采用外湿困脾、饮食不节、劳倦过度的复合方式复制湿盛困脾脾虚大鼠模型,将SD大鼠随机分成5组,每组8只,分别设空白组、模型组、米泔水漂苍术组、麸炒苍术组、苍术生品组,每天记录体重、饮水量、尿量,治疗12 d后采用炭末灌胃法测量胃排空速率和肠推进率,测量脾指数,检测血清淀粉酶(AMS),D-木糖及胃泌素(GAS)的含量。结果:与模型组相比,各给药治疗组体重均有恢复趋势;体液消耗量各给药组均高于模型组,且苍术生品组麸炒苍术组米泔水漂苍术组;脾指数各给药组显著高于模型组,其中米泔水漂苍术组与麸炒苍术组显著高于空白组;各给药组的AMS,D-木糖,GAS水平较模型组均显著提高,其中米泔水漂苍术组与麸炒苍术组显著高于空白组。结论:米泔水漂苍术与其麸炒品、生品都对湿盛困脾脾虚大鼠有一定药效作用,且麸炒品和米泔水制品显著优于生品,且均具有良好的健脾和胃、调节胃肠道功能与分泌的作用。燥性排序为米泔水漂制品麸炒品生品。     

The effects of gender disparities on dental hygiene education and practice in Europe

Abstract: In Europe, over 96.5% of dental hygienists are women. The objective of this report was to examine the impact of gender role stereotyping on the image of the dental hygiene profession and on disparities in educational attainment and work regulations within Europe. Data pertaining to regulated or non-regulated dental hygiene practice in 22 European countries were analysed according to possible gender impact on access to education and on the structure of the delivery of care. It was examined whether there is a correlation between national differences found in the dental hygiene profession and gender related disparities found in other work-related areas. Results show that the gender bias in the dental hygiene profession has an effect on equal access to education, and on equal occupational opportunities for dental hygienists within the European Union (EU) and beyond. In northern Europe, higher educational attainment in the field of dental hygiene, more extensive professional responsibilities and greater opportunities for self-employment in autonomous practice tend to correlate with greater equality in the work force. In eastern Europe, lower educational and professional opportunities in dental hygiene correlate with greater gender disparities found in other work-related areas. In some western European countries, the profession has not been implemented because of the political impact of organised dentistry, which expects financial loss from autonomous dental hygiene practice. In order to fulfil mandates of the EU, initiatives must be taken to remove the gender bias in the delivery of preventive care and to promote equal access to educational attainment and to professional development in the whole of Europe for those who choose to do so.     

脾系藏象病位与病性特征研究

脾系主要包括脾及与其直接相关联的脏腑、官窍、经络等。通过收集大量脾系临床病案,在参考中医古籍及专家意见的基础上,根据脾系统的生理功能和病理特点,系统地阐述、规范了脾系病位、病性特征症, 总结了临床上常见脾系基础证与复合证,为脾系疾病证的诊断提供参考。